Grammar 4b: Verb Tips

This lesson brings together verb tips for:
- translation
- aspect and action type
- decoding.

---

verb tips: translation

Here are translation tips for each verb form.

Participle tips are listed separately 
(click for participle tips).

All of these tips are integrated into the advanced section at Bible GT.

Aorist: action in the past
aorist active indicative: I ...d
aorist active subjunctive: I may...
aorist active optative: I perhaps may...
aorist active imperative | 2: You... | 3: Let him/her/it/them...
aorist active infinitive: to ... | ...
aorist middle indicative: I ...d
aorist middle subjunctive: I may be ...d
aorist middle optative: I perhaps may be ...d
aorist middle imperative | 2: You be ...d | 3: Let him/her/it/them be ...d
aorist middle infinitive: to ... | ...
aorist passive indicative: I was ...d
aorist passive subjunctive: I may be ...d
aorist passive optative: I perhaps may be ...d
aorist passive imperative | 2: You be ...d | 3: Let him/her/it/them be ...d
aorist passive infinitive: to be ...d | he/she/it ...d

Imperfect: continual action in the past
imperfect active indicative: I was ...g
imperfect middle-passive indicative | mid: I was ...g | pas: I was being ...d

Perfect: completed action in the past, with effects in the present
perfect active indicative: I have ...d
perfect active subjunctive: I may have ...d
perfect active optative: I perhaps may have ...d
perfect active imperative: 2: You... | 3: Let him/her/it/them...
perfect active infinitive: to have ...d | he/she/it has ...d
perfect middle-passive indicative | mid: I have ...d | pas: I have been ...d
perfect middle-passive infinitive
- mid: to have ...d | he/she/it has ...d
- pas: to have been …d | he/she/it has been ...d
perfect passive imperative: 2: You... | 3: Let him/her/it/them...

Present: action at the time of writing
present active indicative: I...
present active subjunctive: I may...
present active optative: I perhaps may...
present active imperative | 2: You... | 3: Let him/her/it/them ...
present active infinitive: to ... | ...
present middle-passive indicative | mid: I... | pas: I am being ...d
present middle-passive subjunctive | mid: I may... | pas: I may be ...d
present middle-passive optative | mid: I perhaps may... | pas: I perhaps may be ...d
present middle-passive imperative
- mid --2: You... | 3: Let him/her/it/them...
- pas -- 2: You be ...d | 3: Let him/her/it/them be ...d
present middle-passive infinitive
- mid: to ... | …
- pas: to be ...d | ...d

Future: action to occur some time after the time of writing
future active indicative: I will...
future middle indicative: I will...
Future middle infinitive: to ...
future passive indicative: I will be ...d
---

Only rarely occurs...
Pluperfect: completed action in the past, with effects that continued for some time in the past
pluperfect active indicative: I had ...d
pluperfect middle-passive indicative | mid: I had ...d | pas: I had been ...d

Verb tips: decoding

Verb forms have four basic parts:
- Verb start
- Verb body
- Verb code
- Ending (no ending, for an infinitive or occasional participle; noun ending, for most participles; verb ending, for all others)

Click here to download:
- Verb start guide
- Verb code guide
- Verb ending guide
- Noun ending guide ("nerd and company")

---

©2015 TheBible.org All rights reserved worldwide.